What is Out There

The year is 1415. You are the third surviving born son of the king of Portugal, King John 1. Your name is Henry. You have been interested in the sea and navigation from a very young age. Your father is constantly defending your coastline from dangerous Barbary pirates and slavers who regularly kidnap Portuguese citizens for the slave trade. You see that your people are poor beyond measure. Your people need hope. You are traveling with your father, your brothers and 200 ships to repell or push away the Barbary pirates. You father decides to attack a Muslim outpost on the island of Ceuta. <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Alternative_Henry_the_Navigator_%28St._Vincent_Panels%29.jpg" width="300" height="400" alt="Henry the Navigator"> What do you find on the island that changes your life? [[Spices]] [[Homes]] [[Money]] [[Nothing]] Learn more about the [[Silk Road]]. The Silk Road the way that spices and goods were transported to Europe before the Portuguese explorers.

You and your father's army notice the huge piles of spices in the market place. Your eyes pop out of your head in amazement. You have never seen so many spices in one place and or the astounding quanity. You spend little time admiring the spices. You are convinced that market vendors are hiding their great wealth under their stores. You and your father's army systematically destroy the market and the spices with it. The destruction of the spices still remains a mystery to historians. <img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/1839E/production/_106003299_gettyimages-590076280.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="Spices"> What should you do now? Investigate the local [[Homes]]. Search for [[Money]]. or find [[Nothing]] useful in Ceuta.

You are in awe of the tile and masonry work in the homes. The homes have clean, running water, fresh food imported from around the Mediterranean. <img src="https://interactive.aljazeera.com/aje/2015/man_who_dreams_of_old_mecca/img/2_3.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="Great Expanse"> You and your father's army destroy much of the city. You are searching for gold but find very little. While you are there you take note of the beautiful buildings, parks, home. You want Portugal to become like this island. What should you do next? Search for [[Spices]] Search for [[Money]] Find [[Nothing]] Make your choice

While you discover markets and and some riches, you destroy beauiful homes and unknown quantities of spices looking for secret stashes of money. Unfortuntately, you find very little gold or riches. The island is not the rich treasure your father imagined. He leaves your older brother, in charge on the newest Portuguese land. <img src="https://storage.googleapis.com/afs-prod/media/media:e3964991efbb4c62bf03a3ff22b45b2f/3000.jpeg" width="500" height="300" alt="Open air market"> [[Spices]] [[Homes]] [[Nothing]]

Although you, your father and brothers find fewer riches than you wanted, you are amazed by what you see. You see luxurious homes, gardens, and parks. You see what you want Portugal to become, but how? How far does the Muslim world extend? <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Infante_D._Henrique_na_conquista_de_Ceuta.png" width="500" height="300" alt="Great Expanse"> You decide to invest all of your money, effort, and influence, to direct the Portuguese people to explore. What should you do first? [[Create the science of navigation]] [[Invest in maps]]

You head back to Portugal and immediately start looking for a way to help Portugal become a maritime (having to do with the sea and sailing) nation. You puch your father to invest more and more money into learning about the sea and navigation. As a prince of Portugal, you hire astronomers, cartographers, and the very best, skilled sea captains and pilots you can find. You host great gatherings to discuss how to push Portugal to a new direction. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/xuprLYnFlA8" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> (text-style: "bold")[*Note - Prince Henry the Navigator has been credited with starting a school of navigation. There is no substantial evidence that there was really an actual school. There is more evidence that he held meetings with learned people.] You and your groups of sailing experts try to find every piece of scientific technology to help your sailors explore and return home. As they begin to explore the west coast of Africa, your [[Trading Posts]] are beginning to make money. You decide to create a [[Center for Navigation]]. You decide to send your first significant voyage beyond [[Cape Bojador]]. Can you expand the known world? (set: $techGain to 0) You have acquired $techGain technologies. (set: $caravel to 0)

As the leader of exploration in Portugal, you need money to purchase maps and other tools and technology. Maps were expensive and often incorrect. An accurate map was an extremely valuable asset to have. Maps allowed sailors access to information that directed to a specific location and, most importantly, how to get back home. <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/DeVirgaDetail.jpg/1024px-DeVirgaDetail.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="De Virgia World Map"> The Portuguese invested in maps and mapping but it is super expensive. How do you raise money to finance (pay) for your dream to make Portugal a great country. Set up [[Trading Posts]] along the African coast [[Kidnap people]] and sell them into slavery [[Selling information]] to other countries. Read The Travels of [[Marco Polo]] [[Make better maps]] Should you go back and begin a [[Create the science of navigation]]?

The first thing you and your newly hired experts decide to do is to experiment. You need to invent a boat that is strong enough to handle the tough waves of the Atlantic Ocean but agile enough to get close to the shore. The ship should also be able to travel on ocean waters but shallow bays, and rivers. This needs to be something new. Watch the video below and then select the best ship for your missions of exploration. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Wij_bTCtytM" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/1G7gVC7SUNs" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> Ship 1 [[<img src="https://ugc.futurelearn.com/uploads/images/5d/d2/hero_5dd22976-db4f-4dfa-97e5-5e8e6540f9e4.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">->Sorry]] Ship 2 [[<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Pojama-lateen_sails.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">->Sorry]] Ship 3 [[<img src="https://nautarch.tamu.edu/shiplab/01George/pictures/caravel%20images%20main/land-col-3-mastedcaravels5.jpg" width="400px" height="300px">->Correct]]

You and your exploration experts create a system to test theories. You and your colleagues discussed and developed ways to mark distances. You select ship captains from the very best sailors who took specifc notes during their journeys. The very best captains trained and taught the next captains. Watch the video to help you make the best decisions. Remember, you must find a way to find a way to help mark your first point of exploration. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gjuWU-EEclg" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padr%C3%A3o">How should you mark or show your furtherest point of travel? What will your captains be able to see from shore?</a> What did the Portuguese use to mark their furthest distance? - Write down you discovery on your Chose Your Own Adventure data collection sheet. [[Make better maps]] Make [[Trading Posts]] [[Create the science of navigation]]

No, that ship will not meet our needs. Try again. [[sturdy and smaller ship.]]

As your sea captains push the boundaries of the known world, your begin trading with local villages. You find that many African villages have many valuable items to sell and trade. You set up your first trading post in 1445 on the island of Arguin, off the coast of Mauritania.You find that your trading posts are looking to trade for gold, ivory, spices, and people. You try to establishing trading posts in the interior of Africa but you are only successful establishing centers along the coast. You become famous for your brutality in deal with local citizens but you are highly successful and the riches pour in . <img src="https://tunaruna.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/arguin.png" width="500" height="500" alt="Great Expanse"> What should you do next? [[Selling information]] to other countries. [[Kidnap people]] for sale. Still you cannot find the edge of the Muslim world. It must have an end but where?? Should you go back and begin a [[Create the science of navigation]]?

As horrifying as it is, you turn to capturing people along the coast and then selling them into slavery. Your actions start the Atlantic Slave trade resulting in 12 million people being taken and shipped across the sea. <img src="https://www.neh.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/slave%20trade%20route.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="Great Expanse"> What other ways did you use to pay for your expeditions of discovery? Set up [[Trading Posts]] along the African coast [[Selling information]] to other countries. Still you cannot find the edge of the Muslim world. It must have an end but where??

The Portuguese were super secretive about their plans and their accomplishments. Henry the Navigator's uncle, King John, made it illegal to sell, trade, steal, or give anyone a map or maritime technology (which means having to do with sailing or boating). <img src="https://i.pinimg.com/originals/2b/b2/c7/2bb2c77f306cc5d534e96fbbfddb0370.jpg" width="300" height="500" alt="Selling National Secrets"> Try a different way to raise money. Set up [[Trading Posts]] along the African coast [[Kidnap people]] and sell them into slavery

You also invest in a making sure your sea captains know how to find latitutde while sailing. The line of latitude run east to west. Sea captains had to use the astrolabe at night and match up the constellations to the astolabe. The astrolabe has been around since 100 BC (or CE - Common Era). <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gu-yC-g4fcU" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> [[The Sextant]] [[Accurate clocks]] [[Proper Nutrition]] [[Magnetic Compass]] Back to [[Center for Navigation]] (set: $astrolabe to $astrolabe + 1)

You spend your money learning about the latest navigational technologies.One of these tools is called a sextant. Sailors used the sextant to find the distance between two objects. This is a useful tool to figure out how far you have traveled from one point to another. <img src="https://www.jongarysteele.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/5.astrologyresized.jpg" width="300" height="400" alt="Henry the Navigator"> Your sea captains learn how to use this new technology and pus the limits of their exploration. How else will you support your quest to become the world's greatest sea power? [[The Astolabe]] [[Accurate clocks]] [[Proper Nutrition]] [[Magnetic Compass]] Back to [[Center for Navigation]] (set: $techGain to $techGain + 1)

The math formula for speed is well known by this time and you understand that sailors need very accurate clocks for accurate navigation. Speed is measured by the distance your travel over a given period of time. If you did not know how much time had passed, and knowing the angle of the sun at a given time, you can figure out how far you are from any point on Earth. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Y8KDgZvaaqA" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> [[The Astolabe]] [[The Sextant]] [[Proper Nutrition]] [[Magnetic Compass]] Back to [[Center for Navigation]] (set: $techGain to $techGain + 1)

Sadly, even though an entire crew would be dead within 120 days without vitamin C, the Portuguese did not spend time thinking about how to make their crews healtier. Crews who were away from land too long would suffer from a lack of vitamin C. Sailors would frequently suffer from scruvvy. [[The Astolabe]] [[The Sextant]] [[Accurate clocks]] [[Magnetic Compass]] Back to [[Center for Navigation]] (set: $techGain to $techGain + 1)

Yes! The caravel was the perfect solution to the dangers of the open ocean. The caravel was also small enough and shallow enough to sail close to land and even up some rivers. You find the Caravel to be an excellent ship to on the challenges of the beating waves and agile enough to allow for quick stops on land. This sturdy little ship allowed the Portuguese explorers to travel the battering waves of the Atlantic Ocean while still being small enough to travel close the shallow shore and even up rivers. Amazingly, there are NO accurate plans of a caravel in modern history. The replicas that exist are created from written descriptions. <iframe src="https://wordwall.net/embed/2405a532c11e48eeb28f996c93b393fa?themeId=1&templateId=22" width="1200" height="1000" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> You need to head back to the [[Center for Navigation]] To check on your other technologies. (set: $caravel to $caravel + 1)

You learn of the exploits of a Genoese trader who claims to have traveled to China and the Indies. You find a copy and comb through the words. This explorer, Marco Polo, claims that he knows the way to the Indies. The riches described in the book motivate you to double your efforts. <iframe width="500" height="450" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wTsp03h7bMg" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> <iframe src="https://wordwall.net/embed/8d2c7e0892e44ec1b85e4fb2e2f00711?themeId=1&templateId=38" width="1200" height="1000" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> [[Back to the story->Invest in maps]]

Watch the video to learn more about the silk road and how it connected the Eurasian continents. The Silk Road was a series of roads that extended from China to Europe. Peaceful control of the Silk Road meant riches and free trade. If the road travel was disrupted, the prices of goods increased all over Europe and Asia. Asia had silk and Europe had glass. Asia had gunpowder and Europe had olives. Each area provided what another area needed. <iframe width="560" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vn3e37VWc0k" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen></iframe> [[Back to the story->Motivation]]

The properties of lode stones (rocks with magnetic properties) had been know for hundreds (maybe thousands of year) before you were born. Humans had even discovered that a sliver of metal will point North after it has been rubbed on a lode stone to create a compass. You and your experts search for even better compasses. Watch this video and see if you can make your own compass. [[The Astolabe]] [[The Sextant]] [[Accurate clocks]] [[Proper Nutrition]] Back to [[Center for Navigation]] (set: $techGain to $techGain + 1)

Map making was a difficult science when you cannot see from above. Ancient maps were often wrong and frequently required special information to understand the map. Henry and the Portuguese treasured any maps they could find. The Portuguese also paid large sums of money to hire Arab mathematicians to help with the mathematics needed for navigation. Funny story about Columbus -> When Columbus spoke to the Portuguese King about sailing for them and sailing east to find the Indies, the King and his mathematicians had JUST determined the world was larger than Columbus claimed. They knew Columbus would not find the Indies. They did not expect him to come back, nor did they expect him to find the what he thought was the "Indies." Columbus sailed into Portugal before heading to Spain after his first journey. King John II of Portugal was SHOCKED to see Columbus again and seriously considered killing him rather than letting him tell the world he found the Indies. <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Asia_oceania_anonymous_c1550.jpg" width="500" height="300" alt="Open air market"> Should you: [[Selling information]] Create [[Trading Posts]] [[Create the science of navigation]]

(set: $techGain = $astrolabe+$caravel) You have gained $techGain forms of technology. Keep look and exploring to gather the information that you need to continue your quest for explroation. [[The Astolabe]] [[The Sextant]] [[Accurate clocks]] [[Proper Nutrition]] [[Sturdy Ship ->sturdy and smaller ship.]] (if: $caravel is 1)[Try rounding [[Cape Bojador]]] [[Magnetic Compass]] (if: $techGain is 4)[You have all the tools you need to begin [[The Age of Exploration]]]

The map of the world ended at Cape Bojador. The strong Canary Stream made the seas sailing beyond the cape a death sentence. The giant waves (70 feet - no kidding) were soul and ship crushers. <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/VoltaDoMar.jpg/1200px-VoltaDoMar.jpg" height="700" alt="Great Expanse"> (if: $caravel is 1)[You have aquired the technology to->[[Redraw the Map->The Age of Exploration]]]

You, Prince Henry, die November 13, 1460, Sagres, Portugal not far from the coast where you and your crew of navagational experts changed the world. For the next 153, Portuguese explorers explore, chart, and map an incredible area of the Earth.Portugal becomes one of the healthiest nations on the Earth. Prince Henry, you have changed the world. <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Spanish_Empire_Anachronous_0.PNG/1280px-Spanish_Empire_Anachronous_0.PNG"> This simulation is now complete. If you have not completed your Chose Your Own Adventure data sheet. <iframe src="https://wordwall.net/embed/2b904b4a7f9e4fdcbf7faba3c12e211a?themeId=53&templateId=49" width="1200" height="1000" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>